3.11+Robotics,+artificial+intelligence+and+expert+systems

=Introduction= "The increasing capability of IT systems has allowed developers to implement systems that attempt to understand and imitate human behaviour. These systems have already had profound effects on society, although their effectiveness is largely determined by the accuracy of the algorithms that underpin them. The increasing use of robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems raises a range of ethical issues. For example, at which point should humans hand over key decision-making to a computer? Should robots have the same rights as humans? What social impacts might arise with the replacement of human workers or the creation of smart weapons?" IBO

=Robotics= • Input devices: for example, camera, sensors, microphones • Output devices: for example, claws, wheels, motors, relays, speakers • Robot, android, cyborg • Sensors: for example, heat, proximity, magnetism, light, humidity, pH media type="custom" key="11252284"

Artificial intelligence
• Artificial intelligence versus computational intelligence • Man or machine: Turing test, CAPTCHA (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart) • Capabilities and limitations: for example, learning to identify human emotions, evaluation of living things and machines (intuition, prior knowledge, judgment) • AI techniques: searching, pattern recognition, heuristics, machine learning • Fuzzy logic, set theory • Machine learning: can machines become independent? • Natural language communication and translators • Neural networks: similarity to biological systems • Pattern recognition: OCR (optical character recognition), image analysis, speech recognition, speech synthesizers • Processing and storage requirements media type="custom" key="11329482"

Expert systems
• Collection, creation and maintenance of knowledge base • Creation of inference engine, inference rule (“if–then” rules), chaining, suitable domains for expert systems • Expert systems, knowledge base, knowledge engineer, expert system shells, inference engine, domain, common-sense knowledge • Purpose of an algorithm within expert systems: for example, fault finding, product development Applications of robotics, artificial intelligence and expert systems • Embedded systems: for example, cell/mobile phones, GPS, washing machines • Internet search engines • Smart systems: for example, used at home or in warfare, medicine, cars • Use of artificial intelligence (AI): for example, language translation, chess, voice recognition, modelling, games, predictive text, business intelligence systems • Use of expert systems: for example, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, flight simulators, fraud detection • Use of robots: for example, in industry, health, warfare, airlines, space, underwater exploration

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